中国稻米

中国稻米

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不同类型池塘种稻模式下的稻米安全和经济效益研究

  1. 中国水稻研究所，杭州 311400
  • 出版日期:2019-11-20 发布日期:2019-11-20
  • 基金资助:

    国家重点研发计划（2016YFD0300210）；2019年农业农村部财政预算项目“农业技术试验示范与服务支持”；财政部-农业农村部基本科研业务费项目“中国水稻产业发展与新型稻作模式研究”（2017RG007）

Evaluation on the Rice Safety and Economic Benefit of Different Co-culture Patterns in Aquaculture Ponds

  • Online:2019-11-20 Published:2019-11-20

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摘要：

通过大田生产试验，研究了“青虾-稻”“甲鱼-稻”和“河蟹-稻”三种池塘种稻模式下稻米安全和经济效益情况。结果表明，在养殖青虾、甲鱼和河蟹条件下，每667 m2水稻产量分别为186 kg、300 kg和250 kg；稻米无农药残留，重金属含量符合国家安全标准。在经济效益方面，池塘种稻模式下每667 m2青虾、甲鱼和河蟹养殖的利润分别为6 409.1元、9 815.0元和4 377.0元，与传统单养模式相比，每667 m2分别增收2 534.2元、2 075.0元和120.0元；产投比和成本收益率分别提高31.7%、19.6%、16.6%和69.2%、192.0%、37.4%。试验证明，池塘种稻模式不仅能够有效提高养殖利润、产投比和成本收益率，而且能够增加水稻种植面积，生产优质稻米，保障我国粮食安全，实现了淡水养殖和粮食种植的有效统一，体现了良好的经济、社会和生态效益，为我国农业可持续发展提供了一条新的技术途径。

关键词: 池塘养殖, 池塘种稻, 经济效益, 稻米品质, 综合种养

Abstract:

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the rice safety and economic benefits of different co-culture patterns in aquaculture ponds. The results showed that the rice yield of rice-shrimp, rice-turtle and rice-crab co-culture patterns was 186 kg/667 m2, 300 kg/667 m2 and 250 kg/667 m2 respectively. The grain with no pesticide residue and low heavy metal content met the national safety standard strictly. For economic benefits, the profit of rice-shrimp, rice-turtle and rice-crab were 6 409.1, 9815.0 and 4 377.0 yuan/667 m2 respectively, which increased by 2 534.2, 2 075.0 and 120.0 yuan/667 m2 compared with the traditional single cultivation model. The ratio of output to input increased by 31.7%, 19.6% and 16.6%, and the cost-benefit ratio increased by 69.2%, 192% and 37.4% respectively. In conclusion, the rice–fishery co-culture pattern could  not only effectively improve the profit, the ratio of output to input and cost-benefit ratio, but also could increase the planting area of rice, produce high quality rice and guarantee China's food security. It has realized the effective unification of freshwater aquaculture and grain planting, which reflects the good economic, social and ecological benefits and provides a new technical approach for the sustainable development of agriculture in China.

Key words: pond culture, rice-fishery, economic benefit, grain quality, comprehensive planting and cultivation

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